Keywords: Ramadhan, background, history, traditions, culture, fasting, spirituality, Quran, Iftar, Tarawih, Eid al-Fitr, Indonesia. Ramadhan Background: History and Traditions of Fasting Ramadhan is a holy month in the Islamic calendar, observed by Muslims worldwide. In this month, Muslims fast from dawn until sunset, abstaining from food, drink, and other physical needs. Fasting is one of the Five Pillars of Islam, and it is believed to teach self-discipline, self-restraint, and compassion for those in need. The history of Ramadhan dates back to the time of Prophet Muhammad, who received the first revelation of the Quran during this month. The revelation continued over a period of 23 years, and the month of Ramadhan was designated as a time for spiritual reflection and worship. In Indonesia, Ramadhan is an important part of the culture and tradition. The month is marked with various rituals and practices, including Tarawih prayers, Iftar gatherings, and Eid al-Fitr celebrations. Indonesians have a unique way of observing Ramadhan, which reflects the diversity of the country’s cultural and religious practices. During Ramadhan, Muslims in Indonesia wake up early in the morning for Sahur, the pre-dawn meal. They then go about their daily routine, but with an added focus on spiritual activities such as reading the Quran and performing additional prayers. In the evening, Muslims break their fast with Iftar, a meal that typically includes dates, fruits, and traditional Indonesian dishes. Tarawih prayers are also an essential part of Ramadhan in Indonesia. These are special prayers that are performed after Isha prayers and are recited from the Quran. Muslims attend the mosque for Tarawih prayers and listen to the recitation of the Quran in a soothing voice. Eid al-Fitr marks the end of Ramadhan and is celebrated with great enthusiasm in Indonesia. Muslims wake up early in the morning and attend Eid prayers in the mosque. After the prayer, they exchange greetings and gifts and share traditional Indonesian dishes with family and friends. In conclusion, Ramadhan is a month of spiritual reflection, worship, and community in Indonesia. The traditions and practices associated with this holy month are deeply rooted in the country’s culture and history. Through fasting, prayer, and other spiritual activities, Muslims in Indonesia seek to strengthen their faith and connect with their community. As we celebrate Ramadhan in 2023, let us remember the significance of this month and the values it represents.