Keywords: penentuan awal ramadhan 2018, Indonesia, lunar calendar, hilal, rukyatul hilal, muhammadiyah, government, controversy, unity, celebration, fasting. Sub Title 1: What is Penentuan Awal Ramadhan 2018? Ramadan is a holy month for Muslims all around the world. It is a time of fasting, prayer, and self-reflection. In Indonesia, the start of Ramadan is determined by the sighting of the new moon, which marks the beginning of the lunar month. This process is known as Penentuan Awal Ramadhan or the determination of the beginning of Ramadan. Sub Title 2: The Lunar Calendar and the Hilal The Islamic calendar is based on the lunar cycle, which means that the months are determined by the sighting of the new moon. In Indonesia, the sighting of the new moon is done through a process called Rukyatul Hilal or the sighting of the crescent moon. This process involves trained observers who look for the hilal or the crescent moon on the 29th day of the previous month. If the hilal is sighted, then the new month begins the next day. Sub Title 3: The Role of Muhammadiyah In Indonesia, there are two main organizations that are responsible for determining the start of Ramadan: the government and the Muhammadiyah organization. Muhammadiyah is a major Islamic organization in Indonesia that has its own observatory and trained observers for the sighting of the new moon. They follow a strict scientific method for determining the start of Ramadan and have often disagreed with the government’s decision. Sub Title 4: The Controversy The determination of the start of Ramadan has often been a controversial issue in Indonesia. The government has been accused of not following a scientific method and of relying on calculations rather than actual sightings. This has led to disagreements with the Muhammadiyah organization, which has often announced the start of Ramadan a day earlier than the government. Sub Title 5: The Importance of Unity Despite the differences in opinion, it is important for Muslims in Indonesia to come together and celebrate the holy month of Ramadan. This requires unity and understanding between different groups and organizations. The government and the Muhammadiyah organization have recognized this and have made efforts to work together in recent years. Sub Title 6: Tips for Fasting in Ramadan Fasting during Ramadan is one of the Five Pillars of Islam and is obligatory for all adult Muslims who are physically able to do so. It is important to prepare for the fast by eating nutritious meals and drinking plenty of water during non-fasting hours. It is also important to maintain good hygiene and to avoid smoking and other unhealthy habits. Sub Title 7: The Benefits of Fasting Fasting during Ramadan has many benefits, both spiritual and physical. It helps to develop self-discipline and self-control, as well as empathy and compassion for those who are less fortunate. It also has health benefits such as improving digestion and reducing inflammation in the body. Sub Title 8: The Night of Power The 27th night of Ramadan is known as Laylat al-Qadr or the Night of Power. It is believed to be the night when the first verses of the Quran were revealed to the Prophet Muhammad. Muslims believe that this night is one of the holiest nights of the year and spend it in prayer and worship. Sub Title 9: The End of Ramadan The end of Ramadan is marked by the celebration of Eid al-Fitr, which is a time of joy and thanksgiving. It is a day when Muslims gather with family and friends, exchange gifts, and enjoy festive meals. It is also a time for giving to the less fortunate and for forgiving those who have wronged us. Sub Title 10: Conclusion In conclusion, the determination of the start of Ramadan is an important issue in Indonesia that requires unity and understanding between different groups and organizations. Despite the controversies, Muslims in Indonesia should come together to celebrate the holy month of Ramadan and to benefit from its spiritual and physical rewards. May Allah bless us all during this blessed month of Ramadan.